" Women (Aceh) were killed with the determination of lifting weapons while seeing his husband crash in his feet..." the New York evening post, July 5, 1832
In the same page, the incident footage continues,
" John L Dubois, corporal ship..., was injured by Malay Women (sic! Aceh) during the attack of the fortress. This woman is with an Indian, perhaps her husband, who was attacked and killed by Dubois. A moment after he saw his husband toppled, he was determined to take revenge by attacking dubois with a dagger; he was cut with severe parts between mother's fingers and where the wrist met the blood that must have broken out of his hand if it hadn't been blocked the barrel
This is the contents of a letter from an 'unnamed' who calls himself the Potomac, a 1726-ton-Ton Bodyguard, manned 500 officers and a number of young men with control of 44-50 rifles that slaughtered the residents of Kuala Stone in the west waters of
It was a surprising thing when it discovered that the earliest human massacre that America did in Asia was against the people of aceh in 1832, launched against the society of Kuala Batee in the South-West Waters of aceh known as one of the key to seems pepper. The attack that killed almost 4,000 residents; men, women, children, and parents, as well as followed by the burning action of the village and the ships of these locals are due to the claim of 'plow action' against the American friendship ship a year before that Charged by the village crew.
There are various arguments that have been laid on the looting event that occurred on the American friendship ship in 1831. Some historians among them Nicholas Tarling, in his writing titled piracy and politics in the malay world, rising in 1962 mentioned that the 'Plough' charges were laid for people Native is an attempt to paralyze the life of the native trade. Crawfurd (1820) mentioned that the events of the plough that occurred on these European ships were the result of their own actions that violated, fought, and looted the natives who had served them well before.
As if i agree with the crawfurd, Gould who wrote the American book's Pepperpot 1784-1873 in 1956 says that the American perdagangang in Asia is almost always faced with injury to their trade ships except in the western peraiaran of aceh which you kampong is known as an honest person His words, humble, and passionate as written in the independent cronicle in 1832., though, there are certain times, the economic days of economic incisive in aceh in the ' 1820 s, where both, both America and the supplier In the west waters of aceh recorded fraud in trade.
America has done a profitable trade with west waters of aceh several years after the American Revolution of 1783, recorded that the pepper supply of the west waters of aceh was able to meet more than a third of pepper needs in the world. America is one of the largest pepper suppliers that is due to so his favor trade with aceh, they are free to control the price of pepper for international markets. Between the year 1795-1831 there are 400 American cruise done from Boston and Salem to west peraiaran aceh.
The record of the response of the aceh sultanate against the aggression of the United States is uncountable. Perhaps this is due to a political split in the country where the sultan in the period is in an attitude of hostility with uleebalang-Uleebalang region of west and south waters due to the menyanggahi regulatory regulation specified sultan.
The West and south seems that appear as the largest key pepper manufacturer in decades of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century experience a variety of wars against the fighters of the sultan helped by England. When the Americans raided Kuala Stone in 1832 and followed with the second battle against meukek and susoh in 1838, there was no record of military support given the central sultanate of this western region. Due to political conditions like this anyway, the Dutch who then came invaded in the 1840 s can easily attract the support of uleebalang-uleebalang around which is no longer powerless to show resistance.
David F Long in his journal called martial thunder: the first official American armed intervention in Asia (Fighter Lightning: the first official armed intervention of America in Asia) that rises in the Pacific Historical Journal Review Vol 42 in may in 1973 this outlining Government response and American masyrakat in 1832 against military war made by one of the generals. In building this history narrative long has used various sources such as letters, reports, daily records, and newspapers read by the American society at that time. The American society is the main of two groups, conservative and Democrats that control mainstream media differently.
Long argue that there are some American legal errors in this case. First of all, America didn't do a war announcement before the attack on the west waters of aceh was done. This announcement is one of the principles of the principle of a democratic country where the crowd is crowded then respond to the announcement until certain decisions are approved whether the war is required or not. This announcement has never been therefore caused a significant debate in the newspapers circulating in America. The second, the murder of aceh society in the west waters of Kuala Stone was launched without investigation and negotiations first related to events that occurred on the friendship ship.
The investigation and negotiations are involving the leaders and residents in Kuala Stone to find the best solution. War and murder are required to be the last solution if the natives commit violations of the terms of investigation and the deal made. John Downes (1784-1854) who memipin the tragic attack was missed this.
A variety of spicy criticism of the newspapers in America is beating this reality because it is judged not to uphold the values and ethics of the democratic nation. Then based on the report of John Downes Himself, there was no process of this because downes believed 'consultation' with some parties in Cape Town who did not advocate the approach to the natives due to the generalization factor that the people of Kuala Stone are pirates and they will first escape if you know the . A consultation that was strengthened by prejudice and believed by the American General John Downes has caused thousands of innocent residents, termausk children and women killed in vile.
The debate on this aceh part of aceh has a strong spotlight, starting from criticism, praise, and defense. As a matter of debate that happens in the American Congress, the newspapers that exist at the time like National Intellegencer, globe, Niles's weekly, the Salem Gazette and many others also show the same attitude.
More than that, the politisasi event of Kuala Stone also looks as reflected in the description of the national intellegencer and globe newspaper. These two newspapers are in the front row of the arena arena. National Intellegencer for example is the media entrusted to voice the idea and American Conservative grooves that since Andrew Jackson's ascension as the president has lost the main place as the media directly under the president. Instead Andrew Jackson gives trust to the globe known as his tongue of the president to encourage justice-based justice based democracy according to Andrew Jackos's policy (1767-1854).
In a period of almost a year since march to December 1832 debate regarding whether or not downes or debate about whether or not to be brought to court continues to roll. So many times President Jackson was seen swapping out. In the end, until 1834 when downes had returned to America from pelayaranannya, none of the related parties were tried, let alone a sanctions given. The public seems to have forgotten about the event.
There is no record of what reaction is seen in the native society in Kuala Stone or in aceh. But in 1838 other events occurred on the American ship eclipse that was recorded fought by the residents of meukek and susoh, the neighboring area of Kuala Stone, who then got a louder response than general George C Read (1788-1862). He attacked both of these regions of the year 1838. in this last war, read facing the and susoh with a collaboration request for investigation and request to hand over the perpetrator to America. After a violent event that struck thousands of residents of Kuala Stone in 1832, of course the request was not easy to granted.
It is unfortunate that there is no record left of this period that reflects the opinion of aceh people regarding these attacks. Local sources are not found so far. Unknown whether it is not written or recorded ever written but then broken or lost. Whatever it is, local sources are so important to check right or not the charges that are thrown into aceh by foreign parties, though, and of course, those history cases are now just a cold case that can't be solved. Although so the impression that is left behind and this scientific labeled has put the aceh people as guilty, even though the history of history describes a more complex issue.
Photo taken from the writing of farish a noor, America in Southeast Asia before the pivot: the battle of quallah batoo in 1832 (2014).
https://niadeliana.blogspot.com/2019/02/amerika-1831-38-friendhsip-potomac-dan.html
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8/2/2019: 8.30 am
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