Hj. Zulheimy Ma'amor: MUSLIM SCHOLARS

Abbas Ibn Firnas: "Father of Medieval Aviation" > Cordoba, Spain - the first to study the mechanics of flight and made the first attempt at flight. He constructed a famous planetarium in Spain.
Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi: wrote the book about the Stars - his book was translated into Spanish by Alfonso X el Sabio.
Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi: the most famous surgeon of the Middle Ages and "Father of Modern Surgery". An author of the Tasrif, translated into Latin, became the leading medical text in European Universities during the later Middle Ages. He was also a pioneer in the use of Anesthesia.
Abu Bakar al-Razi: Father of Pediatrics - wrote the first book which specialised in chilhood diseases and intiated the use of antiseptics to clean wounds.
Abu Bakar Ibn Wahshiyya: an alchemist at the end of the 9th century.He managed to decipher about half of all Egyptian hieroglyphic symbols. He was the first real Egyptologist in History.
Abu Dawud : commonly known as Abu Dawud al-Sijistani > a scholar of prophetic hadith who compiled the "Sunan Abu Dawud"
Abu Hanifa ad-Dinawari: Father of Arabic Botany > a Persian polymath and the author of the "Book of Plants". He is notable for his contributions to mathematics, astronomy and botany. One of the first Muslim scientists to examine the relationship between astronomical concepts and plants.
Abu Nasr Al-Farabi (872-950) : One of the greatest Ancient Islamic Philosophers.
Abu'l Fath' Abd al-Rahman al-Khazini: study the center of Gravity as applied to balance.
Ahmad ibn Fadlan : a 10th century traverl from Baghdad. His account is most notable for providing a detailed description of the Volga Vikings. His detailed writings was adapted in the film "The 13th Warrior".
Ahmad ibn Hanbal : Arab jurist and founder of the Hanbali School, memorised the most Hadiths.
Ahmed Zewali: Egyptian-American Chemist - won the Nobel Prize in Chemitry in 1999 for his work on femtochemistry.
A'ishah bt Yusuf al-Bauniyyah: sufi master and poet, one of the female medieval Islamic mystics.
Al-Battani: The first person to discover how the solar eclipse occurs. improved existing values for the length of the year and of the seasons. He was considered the Ptolemy of the Arab World.
Al-Biruni: Abu Raihan al-Biruni : Muslim mathematicians who established trigonometry as a distinct branch of Mathematics.
Al-Bitruji: from Cordoba - developed a new theory of Stellar Movement, based on Aristotle's thinking.
Al-Buzjani @ Abul Wafa Muhammad al-Buzjani: (940-988) : gave knowledge on movements of the moon.
Al-Idrisi: Muslim scholar at the Sicilian court > produced very accurate maps, including a world map with all the continents and their mountains, rivers and famous cities.
Al-Kashi: invents and analog computer instrument used to determine the time of day at which planetary conjunctions will occur, and for performing linear interpolation.
Al-Khalil (717-786): the first known Arab cryptologist, he wrote the "Book of Cryptographic Messages".
Al-Muqdishi: The first Muslim geographer to produce accurate maps in color.
Al-Razi: Physician - wrote many books including a textbook of Medicine "'Kitab al-Tibb al-Mansuri'. The first to use opium as anaesthesia and established the use of alcohol in medicine.
Ali Ibn Isa al-Kahhal: Pioneer in Ophthalmology > His book"Memorandum of the Occultists" was one of the most influential texts during his time..
Ali Moustafa Attia Mosharrafa: Egyptian theoretical physicist - contributed to the development of Quantum Theory as well as Theory of Relativity.
Ammar Ibn Ali Al-Mawsili: Inventor of the Hypodermic Syringe.
Anousheh Ansari: the first Muslim woman in space, traveling to the ISS in 2006.
Armen Firman: developed the world's first document parachute at Cordoba in 852.
At-Tabarani: (874-971) : a Sunni Muslim scholar and traditionist know for the extensive volumes of narrations he published .
Aziz Sancar: a Turkish-American molecular biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2025 for his work on DNA repair mechanisms.
Banu Musa Brothers: son of Musa ibn Shakir, 9th century Persian scholars of Baghdad, active in House of Wisdom. The 3 brothers are Abu Ja'far Muhammad Ibn Ibn Musa, Ahmad Ibn Musa and Al-Hassan ibn Musa.
Erdal Arikan: a Turkish Professor > invented the polar codes - a key component of 5G technologies.
Farouk El-Baz: from Egypt > worked for NASA and was involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program.
Fatima al-Fihriya: founder of the World's first degree-granting University in Fez, Morocco.
Hafsa binti Sirin: an early female scholar of Islam (651-719). The pioneers in the history of female asceticism in Islam.
Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi: the first aviator to have made a successful flight with artificial wings betwee 1630-1632.
Hunayn Ibn Ishaq: Muslim scholars of the 9th century who make the first accurate anatomical diagrams of the eye.
Ibnu Abbas: (619-697 CE): the cousin of the Prophet s.a.w > considered to be the greatest muffassir of the Quran.
Ibnu al-Baithar (1197-1248): The most famous Andalusian botanist - he wrote a book called "Simple Drugs and Food."
Ibnu al-Haytham (Alhazen) (965-1040) : Father of Modern Optics - made significant contributions to optics, including explaining how vision works and the principles of refraction, and is credited with the first camera obscura.
Ibnu al-Nafis :Father of Pulmonary Circulation of Blood > the first to discovered the pulmonary circulation of blood in the 13th century, well before William Harvey described the systemic circulation in the 17th century.
Ibnu Battutah: Muslim traveler > travelled for 28 years and produced a travel book. The only medieval traveller who is known to have visited the lands of every Muslims ruler of his time.
Ibnu Ishaq al-Kindi (801 - 873) : Arab philosopher and scientist, known as the first of the Muslim peripatetic philosopers.
Ibnu Kathir (1300-1373): historian and scholars, an expert on tafsir (Quranic exegesis) tarikh (history) and fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence), a leading authority on Sunni Islam.
Ibnu Khaldun (1332-1406): the first historian to develop and explicate laws governing the rise and decline of civilisations. He was also the first Modern Philosopher of history.
Ibnu Rushd: (1126-1198) - Arab Philosopher, known in the West as Averroes > produced a series of summaries and commentaries on most of Aristotle's works and on Plato's Republic.
Ibnu Samh: considered as the ancestor of the mechanical clock.
Ibnu Shuhayd: Al-Andalus physician > recommended drugs to be used only if the patient did not respond to diet.
Ibnu Sina: famous Muslim surgeon - "Father of the Medicine" - compiled 14 volume of medical encyclopedia "The Canon of Medicine".His book remained a medical standard in the West up until the early 19th century.
Ibnu Taymiyyah: (1263-1328): Sunni Muslim scholar, proved to be a controversial figure among both his contemporaries and in later centuries.
Ibnu Tufail: 1105-1185): an Arab Andalusian Muslim polymath, a writer, philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician and astronomer. Famous for writing the first philosophical novel "Hayy ibn Yaqdhan".
Ibnu Zuhr (1091-1161) : the first to describe pericardial abscessed and to recommend tracheotomy when necessary as well as being a skilled practical physician.
Ismail al-Jazari: Father of Robotics and Inventor. He was inventor who developed the first elephant clock and other devices that were used during the Arab civilisation.
Jabir Ibn Hayyan: Father of Chemistry > his work in alchemy and chemistry.
Kerim Kerimov: from Azerbaijan - one of the most important key figures in early space exploratioin. He was one of the founders of the Soviet space Program. He was also one of the lead architects behind the first satellite, Sputnik 1.
Lagari Hasan Celebi: the first aviator reported to have made a successful manned rocket flight.
Malik bin Anas: (711-795): also known as Imam Malik > a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith and traditionalist.
Maslamah al-Majriti: Cordoban Mathematician > the first original mathematician and astronomer of Al-Andalus. He wrote a number of works on mathematics and astronomy, studied an delaborated the Arabic translation of Ptolemy's Almagest.
Mohamed M. Atalla (1924-2009): Egyptian-American Engineer > led a research team to introduced the HP Model 5082-7000 Numeric Indicator by Hewlett-Packard in 1969.
Mohammad Abdus Salam: Pakistani theoretical physicist - who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for his role in developing the electroweak theory.
Muhammad al-Fazari: the first person credited for buildingthe brass astrolabe in the Islamic world in 796.
Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi: "Father of Algebra" - Developed Algebra and Algorithms. The word 'Algorithm' is derived from his name.
Munir Nayfeh: A Palestinian - noted for his pioneering work in Nanotechnology and in 1974 published a milestone paper with one of the 2005 Nobel Prize Laureat in Physics.
Nasiruddin al-Tusi: built an observatory for astonomical researches at Maraghe.
Nora Almatrooshi: the first Arab woman to graduate from the NASA Astronaut training program in 2024.
Omar Khayyam (1048-1131) : Persian mathematician, astronomer and poet - known for his scientific achievements and Rubaiyat.
Piri Reis (1465-1553): Turkish Navigator and Cartographer > he makes one of the oldest maps known today, which detailed the coastline of Africa and Europe.
Rufayda Al-Aslamia @ Rufayda bt Sa'ad: first female nurse in Islam. She practice medical treatment durign the time of the Prophet s.a.w.
Sara Sabry: the first Egyptian, African and Arab woman to reach space in 2022.
Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor : first Malaysian astronaut, first comprehensive guidebook for Muslims in space.
Sulaiman Al Mahri: 1480-1550) : a 16th century Arab Navigator > he noted the islands off the west coast of Malay Peninsula.
Sultan bin Salman Al Saud: the first Arab and Muslim to fly in outer space.
Thabit ibn Qurra (826-901) : Arab mathematician, physician and astronomer who was the first reformer of the Ptolemaic system and the founder of Statics.
Wan Wardatul Amani Wan Salim, Dr. : the first Malaysian to launch a NASA satellite into space in 2014.