Credit: Sungai Batu 788 BC: The Great Kingdom of Kedah Tua
Mari kita renungkan ... things to ponder...
1. The prevalence of references to cloves and sandalwoodin Sanskrit texts Monier-Williams 1899: 386, 898) and the tentative finding of Sumatran camphor applied to an Egyptian mummy (Mahdi 1994: 190) suggest an intensification of westward voyaging by the end of the first millennium bce. However, South Asia was not the final destination for Southeast Asian sailors. They reached the island of Madagascar and settled there long before any of the world’s better known civilizations could successfully undertake transoceanic journeys of comparable distance.
Sumber : Tom Hoogervorst, Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean World Combining historicallinguistic and Archaeological Approaches.
2. Sometime before the end of the second millenium B.C ,the Malayo-Polynesians spread ontothecoasts and up theriver valleys of Asia and Africa introducing these continental lands all of the distinctive characteristics of their civilization from the tuning scales of the xylophone and the outrigger canoe to the intellectual life of their mythic thought. The ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians, and Hebrews sent an expeditions to the entrance of the Red Sea and down the East African coast to obtain exotic goods from India and beyond brought thither by the Malayo Polynesians. As Arab power extended down the coast of East Africa during the millenium before Christ, the Malayo- Polynesians avoided the Arabian Sea and sailed directly to the African coast just beyond the reach of the Arabs from where they continued their trading activities. During this time, Madagascar became the home of Malayo-Polynesian peoples.
Sumber : KeithTaylor (1976) Madagascar in the Ancient Malayo-Polynesian Myths
3. Since Roman times, writers such as Pliny have recorded that cinnamon came to Europe via East Africa by way of epic sea journeys across the Indian Ocean. Initially these journeys were probably made by rafts and double-outrigger canoes. As the trade developed the sophistication and size of the vessels would probably have increased over the centuries. The ships depicted at the Borobudur temple would have been sophisticated, prestigious vessels used to transport important personages.
Sumber :Beale (2006), Kapten kapal Samudra Raksa yang belayar dari Jakarta ke Madagascar.
With such reputation, no doubt that the Malayo-Polinesian might contribute a lot in maritime @world in the past.
Kalau ada sesiapa yang sudi terjemahkan, silakan.... kalau Admin yang terjemah, nanti orang kata bias pula.
(Next posting.... Admin akan reka dialog semasa orang kita bertemu orang Phoenician dan Mesir di muara Laut Merah).
C&P: 14/11/2025: 11.46 a.m
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