Tuesday, 28 July 2026

KISAH SEBENAR TRAGEDI KARAMNYA KAPAL TLDM KD SRI PERAK DI LAUT CHINA SELATAN





Oleh Nizam Ali
KISAH & SEJARAH

Masih ingatkah tentang tragedi tenggelamnya kapal TLDM KD SRI PERAK?
Bekas anggota tentera laut, ismail bin abd aziz 54 tahun, menceritakan catatan pengalaman hidup mati di laut dan berharap suatu hari nanti beliau akan dapat membukukan kisah yang dilaluinya bersama teman seperjuangan yang terselamat semasa tragedi tersebut.
Bekas Laskar Kelas 1 itu membuka bicara bersama penulis dengan berkata pengalaman yang bermula pada tanggal 08 Jan 1984 adalah sesuatu yang tidak akan dilupakan sampai ke akhir hayat.
Walaupun meninggalkan dunia ketenteraan pada 1990 namun ismail atau lebih mesra dipanggil pak mail, setiap detik cemas semasa tenggelamnya kapal itu dan pengalaman 78 jam atas pelampung menanti bantuan tiba masih segar dalam ingatan ismail bagaikan baru saja berlaku. Sesekali dahinya berkerut apabila menceritakan saat-saat berhadapan dengan maut ditengah-tengah lautan luas yang terbentang tanpa ketepian.

HARI KEJADIAN
Pelayaran KD Sri Perak bermula 06 Jan 1984 daripada pangkalan TLDM Lumut belayar secara konvoi bersama KD Sri Terengganu dan KD Hang Tuah ke Labuan. Ismail adalah 29 anggota dan pegawai diatas kapal malang itu dan beliau bertugas sebagai anggota radio.
Separuh daripada anak kapal KD Sri Perak adalah muka baru termasuk ismail yang melapurkan diri diatas kapal itu pada 25 Dis 1983. KD Sri perak berada dalam keadaan baik untuk memulakan perjalanan selepas baru menjalani penyelenggaraan di limbungan Kuala Terengganu. Pada 7 jan, konvoi kapal singgah di pangkalan malaysia di woodland singapura untuk bermalam sebelum belayar ke labuan pada keesokannya bagi siri latihan untuk pegawai kadet baru TLDM. Namun ketika berada di laut cina selatan antara semenanjung dan sabah, sarawak KD Terengganu yang berada dibelakang KD Hang Tuah menghadapi masalah teknikal menyebabkan konvoi berpecah dua. KD Sri Perak yang berada paling belakang diarah menuju ke Labuan secara sendirian sementara KD Hang Tuah terpaksa mengiringi KD Terengganu untuk mendapatkan bantuan. Ketika itu ombak kuat menghempas kapal hingga anak-anak kapal susah untuk beristirehat atau tidur serta jarak pemandangan yang terhad.
Akibat hempasan ombak yang terlalu kuat itulah dipercayai hatch atau penutup keselamatan atas geladak dihadapan kapal renggang menye- babkan air laut memasuki kapal sedikit demi sesikit katanya.

DETIK CEMAS
Ketika itu tiada siapapun yang menyedari air laut telah memasuki kapal dan sekitar 1630 ismail yang berada diburitan kapal dikejutkan dengan teriakan berkali-kali dari atas geladak yang meyuruh semuanya naik. Kapal berukuran kira-kira 30 meter panjang itu sudah mula tenggelam. Saya pergi kebahagian hadapan dan mendapati air telah naik sehingga paras betis. Saya kembali ke stesyen dan terus menghubungi stesen radio markas panglima armada namun tidak berhasil katanya.
Pelbagai usaha dilakukan untuk memak- lumkan apa yang berlaku dan ismail turut mencuba membuat panggilan MAYDAY namun tetap tidak berhasil. Dengan dibantu ibrahim saya tetap cuba untuk berhubung menggunakan radio tetapi tiba-tiba radio GSB 800 kami senyap, kerdipan lampu pada radio terpadam dan radio itu tidak lagi berfungsi katanya.
Memandangkan haluan kapal semakin tengelam dan keadaan bertambah cemas, pemerintah kapal mengarahkan semua anak kapal berkumpul digeladak buritan dan pelbagai perasaan bermain dalam fikiran ismail pada masa itu. Menyedari kapal tidak lagi boleh diselamatkan anak kapal dan pegawai bersiap sedia menerima arahan selanjutnya daripada pemerintah kapal dan mereka diarahkan untuk membawa senjata masing-masing beserta peluru dengan 2 kelopak sahaja setiap anggota bagi kesiagaan mereka ketika berada di dalam pelampung keselamatan di tengah laut. Pegawai memerintah memaklum kan satu daripada dua pelampung penyelamat dibahagian haluan telah hilang dipukul ombak. Atas inisiatif laskar kanan bakar satiman dan laskar kelas 2 yang dikenali sebagai mokhti mereka memotong tali yang diikat pada pendakap dan mencam pakkan pelampung keselamatan ke laut. Haluan kapal ketika itu tenggelam 45 darjah menyebabkan ada anak kapal menggelongsor dan terpaksa berpaut pada mana-mana besi untuk menyelamatkan diri dan ada juga yang terjatuh kelaut. Ia berlaku terlalu pantas dan kami terpaksa terjun ke laut menyelamatkan diri. Pelampung penyelamat yang dicampakkan kelaut terbuka dengan baik dan kami terus berenang menuju ke pelampung katanya yang sempat melihat kapal itu tenggelam sepenuhnya ditengah lautan pada kira-kira 1700pm.

SAAT SEDIH
Ismail berkata ketika berada dalam pelmpung mereka melihat tiga daripada rakan dalam air yang langsung tidak bergerak dan berkemungkinan meninggal semasa tergelongsor kedalam laut. Mereka ialah pegawai laksana mohd fuad, laskar kanan kelas 2 sharani 22 dan mokhtar amir nawi 20. Kami teramat sedih melihat mayat rakan yang terapung itu sambil menangis dan mendoakan agar mayat mereka ditemua serta roh mereka ditempatkan bersama orang yang beriman kami tidak dapat mengambil mayat mereka kerana muatan pelampung telah tidak mengizinkan.
Keadaan ombak yang kuat dan tinggi menolak pelampung dengan kuat mengikut arah angin sehingga dalam beberapa minit sahaja ketiga-tiga rakan itu hilang dari pandangan. Bersyukur kerana kejadian itu berlaku pada petang kerana masih siang jika malam mungkin lebih ramai lagi yang menjadi korban katanya. Tetapi pelam pung penyelamat yang hanya boleh menampung 15 orang kini menampung 26 orang dalam keadaan berhimpit himpit dengan masing- masing berada dalam posisi yang sama sepanjang masa.
Peralatan survival yang terdapat dalam pelampung penyelamat itu seperti air tin, biskut, alat memancing dan beberapa bahan lagi di kongsi bersama-sama. Ketika itu air menjadi keperluan yang amat penting. Dengan jumlah yang ramai bekalan tak cukup jadi kami banyak bergantung kepada air hujan untuk diminum sepanjang 4 hari 3 malam ditengah lautan katanya....

HARI YANG PANJANG
Semasa terapung dilaut tanpa arah, masa berlalu dirasakan amat perlahan katanya. Pada malam pertama itu kami melihat satu cahaya terang jauh diufuk iaitu sebuah kapal dagang yang bergerak seakan menghampiri kami. Saya mengambil pistol kecemasan "Flare" untuk dinyalakan bagi menarik perhatian kapal selain rakan menjeri-jerit minta tolong. Tapi sebab alunan ombak kuat, ditambah kegelapan malam sukar bagi kapal itu melihat kami yang kecil dilautan yang luas dan kami hanya mampu melihat dengan kecewa kapal itu berlalu, " katanya. Masuk hari kedua dan ketiga ditengah lautan kekuatan hati mula tercabar dan masing-masing mula merasa bimbang akan nasib yang bakal menimpa sekiranya bantuan tidak juga datang.
Dengan kaki yang kejang kerana tidak boleh bergerak dan berlunjur dalam keadaan berhimpit himpit itu serta tidur yang hanya sekadar melepaskan pedih di mata cukup mencabar emosi dan fikiran ketika itu. Bekalan makanan yang ada dipelampung juga semakin kehabisan. Masing-masing sudah mula bersuara meluah kan kebimbangan ada yg merintih meluahkan rasa sedih sekiranya ajal datang terutama yang telah ada keluarga. Smua itu sukar untuk diungkap kan ketika itu,"luahnya.

BANTUAN TIBA
Pada hari keempat, 11 jan mereka berdepan dengan masalah baru, pelampung itu semakin kekurangan angin mem buatkan perasaan bertambah bimbang.
Menjelang tengah hari hujan sederhana lebat turun dan dengan air hujan itu ditadah untuk diminum. Selepas hujan berhenti, tiba-tiba mereka terdengar deruan enjin yang kuat diudara dan melihat sebuah pesawat jenis AP-3C ORION milik Tentera Udara Australia terbang rendah. Pesawat itu adalah daripada pasukan penyelamat yg terlibat dalam operasi mencari dan menyelamat pasukan kami. Ismail berkata, beliau dan semua diatas pelampung melambai-lambaikan tangan ke arah kapalter bang itu dan ketika itu kegembiraan jelas terpampang pada raut wajah masing-masing malah ada yang menangis menjerit kesyu kuran termasuk dirinya.
Kapal terbang itu membuat satu pusingan dan kembali semula sambil melepaskan tembakan flare diempat penjuru pelampung kami untuk menandakan lokasi. Kemudian juruterbang membuat pusingan sekali lagi dan menjatuhkan bungkusan plastik berisi makanan dan minuman sebelum berlalu, katanya. Lebih kurang 1 jam kemudian, pada lebih kurang 1700pm, sebuah kapal dagang MV Thunderhead yang berada tidak jauh tiba untuk mengambil kesemua yang terselamat.
Beliau berkata ada antara anak kapal yang terpaksa dipapah naik keatas kapal kerana lemah dan kejang dikaki. Kesemua mereka kemudiannya diberi layanan dan makan minum diatas kapal itu sebelum mereka diambil pula oleh kapal KD Mahawangsa untuk diberikan bantuan sewajarnya. Keesokan harinya, 12 jan dua buah helikopter Nuri TUDM membawa mereka ke kuching sebelum menaiki pesawat Hercules C130 TUDM yang terbang ke ipoh. Mereka disambut oleh panglima tentera laut ketika itu Laksamana Madya Datuk Mohd Zain Mohd Salleh dan pegawai-pegawai kanan lain. Usaha mencari dan menyelamat 3 orang yang lemas dilautan terus dijalankan namun mereka gagal ditemui sehingga kini....
Demi sebuah kedaulatan negara ini kami rela berkorban demi mu Malaysia.
Kredit Sadoon Lawang & Osmund Becay Sejahtera Malaysiaku Satu Masa Dahulu.
Navy The Best

c&p
28 July 2026: 2.30 p.m

LEST WE FORGET : LT CDR ANUAT BIN ALIAS, PGB


Lt. Cdr Anuar Bin Alias
  • Naval Special Warfare Force (PASKAL), Royal Malaysian Navy.
  • Served under the UN Peacekeeping Force in Angola in 1998.
  • Successfully evaded an attack and rescued 30 passengers of a bus in Lomue Village, Angola, which was attacked by a rebel group in 1998.
  • Awarded the PGB medal (Pingat Gagah Berani) in the year 2000 and is the only member of the TLDM (Royal Malaysian Navy) to be awarded this medal.
What is PASKAL?
PASKAL, short for Pasukan Khas Laut, is the elite special operations unit of the Royal Malaysian Navy. Analogous to the United States Navy SEALs, they specialize in maritime counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, and unconventional warfare.
Established on 1 October 1982, after a 5-year setup period, with the purpose of enforcing Malaysia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) maritime claims through sea, air and land operations. 

UN PEACEKEEPING IN ANGOLA, 1998
Malaysian soldiers served as vital UN Military Observers during the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) in 1998. Deployed unarmed into high-risk territories, they monitored the fragile ceasefire between the Angolan government and UNITA rebels.

Key facts about their deployment include:
  • The Mission: They operated in highly unstable zones heavily affected by rebel ambushes and hidden anti-tank landmines.
  • Exceptional Valor: Elite operators like PASKAL’s Lt. Cdr. Anuar Bin Alias faced active combat engagements, successfully rescuing 30 civilians from a rebel bus ambush without carrying a weapon.
  • National Honors: For their extraordinary bravery under the UN flag, individuals like Anuar were later awarded Malaysia’s highest gallantry medal, the Pingat Panglima Gagah Berani (PGB).
During his 1998–1999 deployment with the UN Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA), Lt. Cdr. Anuar Alias was involved in four major combat engagements. While the bus rescue is his most famous, his other three encounters showcase equal bravery:
  • The Truck Ambush Rescue (November 1998): While patrolling the Huambo-Alto Hama route with a Portuguese observer and two Namibian peacekeepers, Anuar heard gunfire. Moving toward the noise, he spotted FAA soldiers ambushing a civilian truck. Arriving with his small team, they took control of the area and forced the attackers to flee, saving several lives. He later went back alone to rescue an overlooked, injured civilian woman.
  • The Landmine Extraction: Anuar successfully rescued and extracted multiple UN peacekeepers from Namibia after their armored vehicle struck a landmine in a high-risk area.
  • The Crossfire Escalate (Late November 1998): Anuar and his unit were caught in a direct fire fight near Alto Hama involving the National Police of Angola, the FAA, and UNITA rebel forces. During his operations in these highly dangerous zones, he also managed to safely extract nearly 20 children from active harm.
PGB
PGB stands for Pingat Panglima Gagah Berani (translated as the Star of the Commander of Valour). It is Malaysia's second-highest federal gallantry award, outranked only by the Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa (SP).

Key Facts About the PGB:
  • The Award Criteria: Conferred by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia) to members of the armed forces or law enforcement who display extraordinary bravery and courage in the face of the enemy.
  • History: Established on July 29, 1960, to honor military personnel and police officers fighting security threats like the communist insurgency. It can also be awarded posthumously.
  • Design: A silver five-pointed star featuring two crossed keris (traditional daggers) pointing upward beneath a royal crown.
  • Benefits: Living recipients receive a prestigious monthly honorary allowance of RM1,500.
Hj Zulheimy Maamor
28 July 2026: 1.52 p.m

LEST WE FORGET: POWG (RTD) SARKAWI BIN BUJANG


 POWG (Rtd) SARKAWI BIN BUJANG

  • MN No.: 906
  • Started service with the Malay Navy on January 14, 1941
  • Served on Ships: HMS Vyner Brooke, HMS Fastnest during World War II.
  • He was the first to report when the Malayan Naval Force was established on January 10, 1949 (after the war, the Malay Navy was disbanded).
  • He received the official number MNF 800001.
  • He retired on October 25, 1963, with the rank of POWG.
  • Sarkawi bin Bujang was officially the very first personnel to enlist in the newly re-established Malayan Naval Force (MNF) on January 10, 1949, earning him the historic service serial number MNF 800001.
Key facts regarding this milestone:
  • The Pioneer: After the wartime Royal Navy Malay Section was disbanded, he became the first local veteran to report for duty under the new colonial-era regulation.
  • The Serial Prefix: The "MNF" in his service number explicitly stands for Malayan Naval Force.
  • Historical Evolution: This force later received royal assent from Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 to become the Royal Malayan Navy, which eventually evolved into today's Royal Malaysian Navy (TLDM).
HMS Vyner Brooke and HMS Fastnest were auxiliary vessels utilized by the British Royal Navy's Malay Section during the chaotic Malayan Campaign and the subsequent evacuation of Singapore in World War II.
  • HMS Vyner Brooke: Originally a armed luxury steam trader named after the Rajah of Sarawak, it was requisitioned by the Royal Navy, armed with a 4-inch gun, and crewed largely by local Malay sailors. It became historically famous after it was bombed and sunk by Japanese aircraft on February 14, 1942, while evacuating civilians and Australian nurses from Singapore—leading to the tragic Bangka Island Massacre.
  • HMS Fastnest: Operating alongside vessels like the Vyner Brooke, this was an auxiliary coastal boat staffed by local personnel to provide local defense, harbor patrols, and logistical support during the frantic defensive retreat through the waters of Malaya.

FEBRUARY 1942 : EVACUATION OF SINGAPORE
The naval evacuation of Singapore between February 11 and 14, 1942, was a chaotic and tragic maritime exodus often described as Singapore's "Dunkirk". As Japanese forces breached the island's defenses, the British command ordered all remaining vessels to clear Singapore Harbour.

Key historical aspects of this harrowing event include:
  • The Mosquito Fleet: Over 40 makeshift and auxiliary vessels—including yachts, local tugs, river gunboats, and requisitioned steamers like HMS Vyner Brooke—scrambled to rescue thousands of fleeing civilians, wounded personnel, and military technicians.
  • The Deadly Gauntlet: Lacking adequate air cover, the slow-moving flotilla had to navigate a deadly gauntlet through the Bangka Strait and Riau Archipelago. Japanese bombers systematically hunted the ships down from the air, sinking the majority of them.
  • Tragic Aftermath: Thousands of survivors who managed to swim ashore or use lifeboats were either captured by the Japanese, left stranded on remote islands, or killed in war crimes such as the Bangka Island Massacre.
  • Of the 181 passengers and crew on board the HMS Vyner Brooke, approximately 150 survived the initial bombing and made it to Bangka Island. Their subsequent fates were divided into three stark groups:
  • The Initial Casualties: 12 Australian Army nurses and several crew members drowned or died of wounds during the air attack.
The Radji Beach Massacre: A group of survivors—including 22 Australian nurses, wounded soldiers, and civilians—gathered on Radji Beach to surrender. Japanese soldiers massacred the men first, then ordered the nurses into the sea and machine-gunned them from behind. Only four people on the beach survived the massacre: 
  1. nurse Sister Vivian Bullwinkel (who feigned death),
  2. a British sailor,
  3. an American civilian
  4. a British soldier.
The Prisoners of War (POWs): The remaining survivors scattered across the island were captured and spent over three years in brutal Japanese internee camps. Out of the 65 original nurses on board, only 24 survived the entire ordeal to return home to Australia.

Hj Zulheimy Maamor
28 Juyly 2026: 1.22 a.m

Monday, 27 July 2026

LEST WE FORGET: SHARIF BIN MOHAMED


Sharif bin Mohamed
  • No. MN : 908
  • Joined the Malay Navy on January 14, 1941.
  • When the war broke out, he served aboard the ship HMS Barlane.
  • HMS Barlane retreated to Ceylon due to attacks by the Japanese Military.
  • While in Ceylon, he joined OSS 404 US Army and was deployed to Phuket, Thailand to spy on the movements of the Japanese Military.
MALAY NAVY AND OSS DETACHMENT 404
The collaboration between the Malay Navy and OSS Detachment 404 is a lesser-known chapter of World War II heroism. It involved a select group of elite local sailors transitioning into elite clandestine intelligence operatives. 

1. The Crucible: Evacuation to Ceylon
Following the rapid Japanese invasion of Malaya and the fall of Singapore in early 1942, surviving personnel of the Malay Section of the Royal Navy evacuated across the Indian Ocean. Around 143 sailors safely reached Colombo, Ceylon (Sri Lanka). While many were assigned to harbor defense or radio operation, a select group of highly skilled individuals was chosen for dangerous undercover intelligence work. 

2. Recruitment into American Intelligence
Instead of operating strictly under British command, these chosen Malay seamen were recruited into OSS Detachment 404, the American Office of Strategic Services branch overseeing covert operations in Southeast Asia. Notable recruits included Sharif bin Mohamed (featured in the image) and Chief Petty Officer Johari bin Mohd Amin. 

3. Special Operational Training
Before deploying behind enemy lines, the Malay Navy operatives underwent intense unconventional warfare instruction. They were dispatched to specialized Allied training camps across India, such as Camp Deolali and Poona, where they mastered: 
  • Advanced guerrilla and amphibious tactics
  • Espionage, disguise, and survival skills
  • Covert communications and wireless telegraphy 
4. Reconnaissance and Infiltration Missions
Because of their native language skills, deep knowledge of regional waters, and ability to blend in, these operatives became invaluable human intelligence assets. Attached to OSS 404, they were clandestinely inserted into occupied territories—including Phuket, Thailand, and coastal Malaya—via British submarines, flying boats, and jungle drops. Operating in the shadows, they closely monitored Japanese navy movements, guarded supply routes, and fed vital strategic data back to Allied headquarters until the region was liberated in September 1945.
 
HMS BARLANE
HMS Barlane (Z48) was a British Bar-class boom defence vessel operated by the Royal Navy during World War II. 

Service in Malaya and Singapore
  • The Role: Designed specifically to lay and maintain massive steel anti-submarine nets and harbor booms, HMS Barlane was deployed to protect crucial naval chokepoints and anchorages in Malaya and the Singapore Naval Base. 
  • The Crew: In the lead-up to the war, the British established the Malay Section of the Royal Navy (known affectionately as the Malay Navy). Local recruits like Sharif bin Mohamed were rigorously trained at HMS Pelandok in Singapore and deployed aboard these vital auxiliary and coastal defense ships. 
The Retreat to Ceylon
When the Japanese military invaded Malaya in December 1941 and advanced rapidly toward Singapore, British naval command began evacuating crucial assets. HMS Barlane successfully retreated across the Indian Ocean to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) to escape the onslaught and help fortify Britain's remaining South Asian naval bases. 

Hj Zulheimy Maamor
27 July 2026: 2.18 p.m

LEST WE FORGET : CPOSM (RTD) AWANG BIN SALLEH


CPOSM (RTD) AWANG BIN SALLEH
  • No. MN: 205
  • Served with the Malay Navy on December 10, 1940.
  • When World War broke out, he served aboard the ship HMS Kelantan as a Radio Operator.
  • As a result of the Japanese Air Force attack, HMS Kelantan retreated to Colombo.
  • While in Colombo, he joined OSS 404 US Army in Ceylon.
HMS KELANTAN
HMS Kelantan was a vital auxiliary vessel of the Royal Navy (Malay Section) during World War II. Under the command of Captain H.W. Richardson, it served alongside other state-named sister ships like HMS Pangkor, HMS Perak, and HMS Pahang.

Key historical milestones include:
  • The Escape from Malaya: Following the initial Japanese landings at Kota Bharu on December 8, 1941, HMS Kelantan became the very first ship to successfully slip out of Malayan waters to evade overwhelming enemy air assaults.
  • Retreat to Colombo: The ship safely navigated across the Indian Ocean to reach the British naval station in Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
  • The Clandestine Transition: After arriving in Colombo, the remaining 143 Malay Navy and Malayan Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (MRNVR) personnel were redeployed. While many served as telegraphists or harbor security, elite crew members—including Awang Bin Salleh—were selected to join clandestine wartime units like the British Force 136 and the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS 404) to prepare for the eventual liberation of Malaya.
OSS Detachment 404 in Ceylon
OSS Detachment 404 was a specialized, clandestine wing of the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the precursor to the modern CIA. Headquartered alongside the Allies' Southeast Asia Command (SEAC) under Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten in Kandy, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), it executed vital intelligence operations from 1944 to 1945:
  • Clandestine Operations: The detachment managed Secret Intelligence (SI), sabotage, and guerrilla units targeting Japanese forces across Malaya, Thailand, Sumatra, and French Indochina.
  • The Malayan Recruitment: Operating alongside the British Force 136, the OSS trained elite Malay personnel who had evacuated to Colombo. Chosen for their local linguistic skills and familiarity with the terrain, operatives like Awang Bin Salleh were trained in espionage, communication, and reconnaissance.
  • Wartime Impact: Detachment 404 successfully transmitted over 2,400 critical intelligence reports. They directly infiltrated occupied territory to prepare local resistance groups for the eventual Allied liberation of Malaya in September 1945.
Wartime History of the Malay Navy Section
The Royal Navy (Malay Section)—popularly known as the Malay Navy—was formed in 1939 by the British administration to fortify local coastal defenses against looming Axis aggression:
  • Defending the Peninsula: At its peak, the unit comprised hundreds of local Malayan recruits serving on critical patrol craft and auxiliary warships. They guarded tactical shipping lanes across the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea.
  • The 1941 Dispersal: When the Japanese Imperial Army invaded Malaya in December 1941, local vessels faced devastating aerial bombardment. In the chaos, several vessels, including HMS Kelantan, managed to successfully slip past enemy naval blockades.
  • Rebirth in Exile: Upon safely reaching Colombo, Ceylon, the displaced crews were reorganized. While a majority performed harbor security and telegraphy duties, an elite cadre transitioned directly into highly covert Allied underground operations to fight back against the occupation.
Hj Zulheimy Maamor
27 July 2026: 1.07 p.m

LEST WE FORGET : CPOSM ABD KADIR BIN SAID


CPOSM (R) Abd Kadir bin Said
  • Started serving with the Malay Navy in early 1940.
  • Served on the HMS Kudat during World War II.
  • On December 30, 1941, HMS Kudat was attacked by the Japanese military in the Strait of Malacca.
  • ABSM Abd Kadir continued to fight single-handedly, using a Lewis Gun to shoot toward Japanese fighter jets.
  • For his bravery, ABSM Abd Kadir was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) in 1947 by the British Government.
  • He was the first Malay to receive that medal.
  • CPOSM (R) Abdul Kadir Bin Said took his last breath on September 19, 1986, in Singapore.
HMS Kudat was a vessel requisitioned from the Straits Steamship Company by the British Royal Navy for service during World War II. In January 1942, the auxiliary ship was bombed and sunk by Japanese aircraft while stationed in Klang Harbour, Malaya.

ROYAL NAVY SHIPS CASUALTIES IN MALAYAN WATERS DURING WW2
During the frantic 1942 Malayan campaign and the subsequent evacuation of Singapore, the British Royal Navy and its local Malayan units suffered severe losses to Japanese air and naval forces: 
  • HMS Kelana : a motor launch vessel attached to the local fleet, bombed and sunk by Japanese aircraft in the Enday area, Pahang on 8 December1941. 
  • HMS Prince of Wale & HMS Repulse : Sunk by the Japanese land-based torpedo bombers on 10 December 1941 off Kuantan, Pahang. 
  • HMS Lipis: an Armed Merchant Cruiser ambushed and severely damaged / sunk by Japanese forces early in the campaign on 13 December 1941. 
  • HMS Pelandok: the training facility was heavily bombed by Japanese aircraft in December 1941 and entirely destroyed by January 1942. 
  • HMS Thanet: This WWI-era destroyer was sunk by Japanese gunfire on 27 January 1942 during the fierce Battle off Endau, while attempting to disrupt enemy troop landings off the eastern coast of Malaya. 
  • HMS Laburnum: on 11 February 1942, HMS Laburnum was heavily damaged by enemy fire and subsequently scuttled four days later to prevent it from falling into Japanese hands. 
  • HMS Dragonfly and HMS Grasshopper: were ruthlessly hunted down, bombed and sunk by Japanese aircraft on 14 February 1942. 
  • HMS Scorpion: An insect-class gunboat heavily engaged by Japanese surface warships (the light cruiser Yura and destroyers) and blown apart while fleeing Singapore. 
  • HMS Surveyor & HMS Kampar: Auxiliary vessels serving the Royal Navy Malay Section that were targeted and sunk by Japanese forces in January 1942. 
  • HMS Matahari & HMS Larut: Auxiliary ships bombed and sunk by Japanese aircraft around 13 January 1942 off Sabang Island as they withdrew from Malaya. 
  • HMS Dragonfly & HMS Grasshopper: Both river gunboats were struck by Japanese aircraft bombs and sunk on 14 February 1942 while carrying evacuees away from Singapore.
  • HMS Kelana: A motor launch vessel sunk by Japanese air strikes on 16 January 1942. 
  • HMS Pelandok & HMS Laburnum: Auxiliary naval training installations and ships based in Singapore that were destroyed or severely crippled by heavy air raids in early February 1942. 
  • HMS Stratagem : a S-class submarine depth-charged and sunk by a Japanese destroyer on 22 November 1944 off the coast of Malacca, Southwestern Malaya. 
  • HMS Stonehenge: an S-class submarine that went missing and was presumed lost in March 1944 while conducting patrols between the Nicobar Island and the Malacca Straits. 
Hj Zulheimy Maamor
27 July 2026: 12.45 a.m

Sunday, 26 July 2026

LEST WE FORGET : S/LT MOHD ZAIN BIN HUSSAIN


S/Lt Mohd Zain Bin Hussain
  • Joined the Malayan Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve in 1940.
  • Served on HMS Pangkor and HMS Matahari during World War II.
  • Joined Force 136 when ships retreated to Colombo due to Japanese Military attacks.
  • Participated in the Victory Parade in London in 1946.
  • Awarded the Member of the Most Excellent of the British Empire (MBE) medal after the war, a prestigious British order of chivalry awarded for outstanding service to the community or meritorious local achievements. 
  • Commissioned as a Sub Lieutenant in 1946, making him the first Malay to receive a commission in the Navy.
  • Formerly served as the Director of Filem Negara and also worked at RISDA.
  • Passed away on March 10, 1978.
FORCE 136
Force 136 was a top-secret Far East branch of the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) formed during World War II. Following the fall of Malaya and Singapore to the Japanese in 1942, British personnel retreated to India and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to organize clandestine resistance movements.

Key Elements of Force 136 in Malaya
  • The Mission: To infiltrate Japanese-occupied Malaya via submarine and parachute drop. Operatives conducted espionage, gathered intelligence, and executed sabotage behind enemy lines.
  • Local Alliances: Because Caucasian officers could not easily blend in, Force 136 recruited and trained indigenous populations. They formed a strategic alliance with the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), providing them with arms, funds, and military training in exchange for guerrilla manpower.
  • Diverse Units: The Malayan Section consisted of multiple sub-units. While the Chinese section famously included prominent figures like Lim Bo Seng, Force 136 also heavily recruited and utilized Malay and Indian soldiers—such as S/Lt Mohd Zain Bin Hussain—to coordinate regional resistance grids and prepare for the eventual Allied re-occupation.

HMS PANGKOR & HMS MATAHARI
A vital ships manned by the Malayan Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (MRNVR) and Allied Forces during WWII in Malaya.
After the Fall of Singapore in 1942, HMS Pangkor successfully evaded Japanese forces and sailed across the Indian Ocean to Colombo, Ceylon (Sri Lanka). While HMS Matahari together with HMS Larut were heavily attacked and sunk by the Japanese near Sabang Island. The survivors were later rescued by HMS Kedah.


1946 - LONDON VICTORY PARADE
The London Victory Celebrations of 1946 were held on June 8, 1946, to commemorate the Allied victory over Nazi Germany and Japan in World War II. Millions of spectators lined the streets of London to watch a massive military procession salute King George VI and the Royal Family.

The Malayan Contingent
The parade heavily featured colonial forces from across the British Empire, including a dedicated Malayan Contingent. Prior to the parade, the troops were camped at Kensington Gardens, where they were personally inspected by Supreme Allied Commander Lord Louis Mountbatten.

The Royal Malay Navy and volunteer reserve units were represented by handpicked personnel who survived the grueling Pacific campaigns, including Sub-Lieutenant Mohd Zain bin Hussain, Chief Petty Officer Ismail bin Hassan, and Leading Seaman Yaakob bin Hj Ahmad.

Key Highlights of the Parade
  • The Royal Presence: King George VI, Queen Elizabeth, and the young Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret took the salute from a special dais built on the Mall.
  • The Marching Column: A massive 21-mile mechanized and marching column wound through the city, passing blitz-damaged areas, Parliament Square, and Trafalgar Square.
  • The Flypast: The grand finale featured a massive aerial parade of 300 fighter jets, bombers, and gliders soaring over Buckingham Palace.
Hj Zulheimy Maamor
26 July 2026: 11.55 p.m

LEST WE FORGET : CPOSM (B) JOHARI BIN MOHD AMIN


CPOSM (B) JOHARI BIN MOHD AMIN
  • Malay Navy No.: 1430
  • Joined the Malay Navy on December 9, 1941.
  • Served aboard the ship HMS Pangkor when war broke out in Malaya.
  • HMS Pangkor retreated to Colombo after being heavily attacked by the Japanese Army.
  • On May 9, 1944, he joined OSS 404 US Army and was involved in Operation Zipper in Malaya.
  • After the war, he served aboard the ship HMS Derby Haven until 1946.
  • He joined the Malayan Naval Force which was established in 1949.
  • In 1963, he was assigned to bring the ship KD Ledang back from England to Malaya.
  • Medals received: Defence Medal, War Medal, Pacific Star, and Naval General Service with Clasp Malaya.
ABOUT OPERATION ZIPPER
Operation Zipper was a massive British military plan during World War II. It aimed to capture Port Swettenham (now Port Klang) or Port Dickson to secure staging airfields. This invasion was intended as the first step to liberate Malaya and recapture Singapore from the Japanese Imperial Army.
Conceived in early 1945 by the Allied South East Asia Command under Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, the operation was scheduled for September 9, 1945. It planned to deploy over 100,000 Commonwealth troops—primarily from Indian divisions alongside British commandos.
However, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to Japan's abrupt surrender on August 15, 1945. Because the war ended weeks before the scheduled assault, the contested invasion was altered. The landings still went ahead on September 9 at beaches like Morib and Port Dickson, but they transitioned into a peaceful, unopposed reoccupation to round up remaining Japanese forces and re-establish administration.

AMERICAN OSS DETACHMENT 404
The specific involvement of American Office of Strategic Services (OSS) units in Japanese-occupied Malaya primarily operated through OSS Detachment 404. This regional headquarters was established in Kandy, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) following a meeting between General William J. Donovan and Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten to run intelligence and paramilitary operations across Southeast Asia.

The creation of OSS Detachment 404 in Kandy, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), which shared a headquarters base with Force 136. Under this command structure:
  • Malaya and Sumatra: Designated as primary British SOE zones. The OSS was permitted to assist or embed small teams (such as the involvement of CPO Johari Bin Mohd Amin's unit in Malaya) but only in direct coordination with Force 136. 
  • Thailand (Siam): Officially fell under SEAC, but became a hotly contested ground. Because the U.S. did not recognize the Thai government's declaration of war, the OSS independently backed the Free Thai Movement. This created an overlapping zone where both the OSS and Force 136 ran separate, highly competitive intelligence pipelines into Bangkok. 
  • French Indochina: Nominally split along the 16th parallel. The northern half fell under the China Theater (OSS focus), while the southern half fell under SEAC (SOE/French focus). 
Key Operations & Strategic Involvement
  • Liaison with Force 136: The OSS closely coordinated and integrated with British Special Operations Executive (SOE) units under Force 136. While the British initially tried to limit American unilateral reach in Malaya, they eventually established a joint panel to coordinate plans.
  • Operation CAIRNGORM: In November 1944, a small team of American OSS agents alongside Chinese operatives parachuted into the Malayan jungle. Their mission was to establish communication networks and embed with local anti-Japanese guerillas (mainly the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army, or MPAJA) to gather intelligence and harass Japanese communication lines.
  • Economic Sabotage & Intelligence: OSS Detachment 404 agents infiltrated networks to map Japanese defenses ahead of Operation Zipper. They also engaged in economic warfare; the OSS printed counterfeit Japanese-issued $10 currency notes to fuel hyperinflation and disrupt the occupation economy.
  • Coast-Watching & Maritime Units: The OSS utilized specialized maritime units to set up hidden coastal watching stations. These operatives monitored Japanese naval transit routes through the vital Strait of Malacca, supplying critical targeting telemetry to Allied command centers.
ABOUT HMS PANGKOR
An Auxiliary naval vesel, originally an requisitioned merchant ship converted for military service, that operated as part of the British Royal Navy's local forces defending British Malaya. 
The ship was under the command of Captain T.Sutherland, RNR. The crew was staffed by a mix of British Officers, local volunteers from Malayan Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (MRNVR) and regular sailors of the Malay Navy including CPOSM Johari bin Mohd Amin. 
During World War II, HMS Pangkor was subjected to intense enemy aerial attacks. Instead of being destroyed or captured, the ship successfully evacuated personnel and fled Malaya just before the fall of Singapore. The ship reach Colombo, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in early 1942. 

Hj Zulheimy Maamor
26 July 2026: 10.57 p.m

MY NOTEBOOK: ARCHAEOLOGY IN MALAYSIA

Archaeology in Malaysia spans over 1.8 millions years of human prehistory,bridging ancient hominid evolutionary markers, Southeast Asia's oldest civilisations and rich maritime trade networks. 

  • Alastair Lamb: in 1964, Lamb constructed the evolution of maritime trade on the Malay Peninsula. He categorising the early ports into distinct functional heirarchies. 
    • Primary Entreports -Major, large scale international trading hubs such as the Takuapa or Bujang Valleyu. 
    • Subsidiary Entreports - secondary hubs such as Kuala Selinsing in Perak, collect hinterland products, including tin ingots and forest goods. 
  • Australomelanesoid: indigenous people typical of early Southeast Asia and the Pacific. 
  • Avalokitesvara-type statue: was found in Bidor, Perak in 1936. Studies have found that this statue dates back to the Gupta period in India, which existed in the 5th-6th century AD. This proves the existence of the Malay Gangga Negaa Kingdom.  
  • Azie Shipwreck: discovered at Tanjung Tuan, Port Dickson in 1989. The underwater archaeological investigation was carried out by the Department of Museums and Antiquities (JMA). 
  • Buddhagupta Inscription: stone inscription, a 5th century CE Buddhist stone inscription found in the Province Wellesley, Penang, Malaysia in 1834 by Capt. James Low of the East India Company. It is today kept in Indian Museum in Kolkata, India. 
  • Bidong Boat: found by fisherman approximately 2 nautical miles from Pulau Bidong, Terengganu in 2012. 
  • Bot Jenderam: and ancient wooden boat with its paddles/rowers in a tin mine at Kampung Jenderam Hilir, Selangor in 1940, exposed one of the Peninsular Malaysia's most critical open archaeological sites. Later excavations in 1977 confirmed it as a multi-component settlement dating from the late Neolithic era (c.2000 BC) up to the Melaka Sultanate. 
  • Bujang Valley Archaeological Museum
    • home to Southeast Asia's oldest recorded man-made structures.Excavation at Sungai Batu Archaeological Site have revealed a thriving 2,000 year old multicultural port complete with 12 jetties and major iron-smelting factories. 
    • 1938-39: excavation work in Bujang Valley by Dr. H.G. Quaritch Wales and his wife Dorothy, discovered 30 temples of worship.
  • Bukit Bunuh: Lenggong Valley - records the earliest hominid presence thus far known in Southeast Asia at 1.83 million years ago with the discovery of some of the oldest hand axes in the world
  • Bukit Chora : In Yan,Kedah > ongoing archaeological excavations in April 21 and May 21, 2024 led by USM have unveiled the largest, best-preserved Buddhist temple structure in the region. Dating back 1,200 years to the 7th or 8th century CE, this site predates iconic regional landmarks like Ankor Wat and Borodudur. 
  • Bukit Melaka (St.Paul Hill): discovery of the Bastion Hendrica Louisa alignment in June 2025 provides critical physical evidence of the original Kota Melayu Melaka (Melaka Fort). 
  • Bukit Tengkorak: discovery of several skulls at Bukit Tengkorak in Semporna, Sabah in 1994, identified as the largest pottery-making site in Southeast Asia during the Neolithic Age around 3,000 years ago. 
  • Deutro Malay: an Iron Age and Bronze Age people who migrated into the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago around 300 BCE.They are the direct ancestors of today's modern ethnic Malays
  • Dinosaur:
    • 2014 : Spinosaurus dinosaur fossil found in Tasik Bera, Pahang. The first dinosaur fossil found in Malaysia.
    • fossils of Ornithischians type dinosaurs were also found in Pahang.
    • November 2014 - discovery of Iguanodontian (sub-group of Ornithopoda), Theropod and Sauropod fossils in Gunung Gagau, Hulu Terengganu.
    • 2020: Researchers from Universiti Malaysia Kelantan found 7-10 footprints in Quartz Sandstone at Bukit Panau, Tanah Merah, Kelantan. Believed to be from a Sauropod species and a Compsognathus species. Another discovery in 2020 is the discovery of Stegodon fossils, a species of Ancient Elephant found in Gopeng, Perak. 
  • Dong Son Drum  :   
    • 1905 - the first gragment Dong Son Drums discovered at Kampung Bukit Kuda, Klang, Selangor. 
    • in 1926, William Linehan an Irish historian discovered a Dong Son Bronze war Drum along the Sungai Tembeling in Pahang. It is recognised as the earliest bronze drum discovery in Malaysia
    • 1964 - prehistoric Dong Son Bronze drum accidentally discovered at the Kampung Batu Buruk, Kuala Terengganu by Public Works Department (JKR) bulldozer during road construction. The  same year, 2 drums were discovered in Kampung Sungai Lang, Kuala Langat, Banting, Selangor .
    • 1995: discovery of Timbang Dayang Bronze Drum at Bukit Timbang Dayang Burial site, Bangi Island in Kudah Sabah. The first and only Dong Son era bronze drum found in Sabah, and the 3rd ever on Borneo Island. 
    • 11 May 1996 - A bronze drum was found in Jertih, Terengganu by villagers in a Sungai Mati cemetery about 2 km from Jertih Town. The same year in 1996, the Bronze Drum was found on the banks of the Sedu River, Kuala Langar, Selangor by brick-making workers.
  • Gua Badak: Lenggong Valley - in 1924, I.H.N Evans reported the discovery of ancient paintings in Gua Badak, Lenggong, Perak.It was lost due to quarrying activities before being rediscovered in 1992.
  • Gua Bewah: Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu - In 2009: An ancient human skeleton was found in Gua Bewah, Tasik Kenyir in Terengganu, believed to be 16,000 years old, older than Perak Man.
  • Gua Cawan: 2018: A group of researchers from UKM and the National Heritage Department discovered a prehistoric human skeleton believed to be a teenage girl aged between 6,000 and 8,000 years old at Gua Cawan in the Nenggiri Valley, Hulu Kelantan.
  • Gua Cha: highly significant Hoabinhian and Neolithic archaeological site located on the west bank of the Nenggiri River in Gua Musang, Kelantan. In 1954, excavation by G.de G. Sieveking, uncovered key human burials and thousands of pottery fragments proving an occupational overlap between the Hoabinhian and Neolithic periods. 
  • Gua Gunung Runtuh: Lenggong Valley, the home of 11,000 year-old Perak Man. In 1991 his skeletal remains, in a foetal position were unearthed from an elaborate burial site in the cave.
  • Gua Harimau: Lenggong Valley - 11 skeletons, pots and bronze tools were found in the cave in 1980's and 90's, proof of the existence of an early Bronze Age in Malaysia
  • Gua Kajang: Lenggong Valley - the first cave to be excavated by I.H.N Evans in 1917. It revealed urn fragments, stone tools, food deposits and human bones, all evidence of human life 11,000 to 5,000 years ago.
  • Gua Kecil:Located at Raub, Pahang - in 1964, Frederick L.Dunn published his landmark findings on Gua Kecil at Raub , Pahang. His excavations revealed a highly significant multi-stage prehistoric occupational sequence spanning the Hoabinhian and Neolithic eras. Reseachers discovered animal bone remain, edible molluscs, resin (damar) and ancient plant food remains.
  • Gua Kain Hitam: located at Niah National Park, Sarawak - In 2007: USM researchers discovered 8 prehistoric human skeletons in Lobang Kain Hitam Cave, Sarawak believed to be 2,000 years old (Associate Professor Stephen Chia).
  • Gua Madai, Kunak, Sabah
    • in 1968, pioneering archaeologist Barbara Harrison do-led a monumental reconnaissance in Madai Cave at Kunak, Sabah, uncovering ancient stone tools, distinct earthenware and old burial grounds. This discovery proved human occupation dating back over 10,000 years, establishing the region as a major neolithic and Metal Age cultural crossroad in eastern Sabah. 
    • 1979-1980: Excavations at Madai Cave, Kunak, Sabah were carried out by Peter Bellwood, discovering ancient tools, food remains and old burial grounds.
  • Gua Ngaum: Lenggong Valley - containing food deposits, stone tools and broken earthernware of early dwellers. It could have been in use 7,000 to 6,000 years ago. 
  • Gua Sagu: located at Sungai Lembing in Pahang, archaeological excavations led by Prof. Dato' Dr. Zuraina Majid, revealed important evidence of prehistoric human settlement from the late Pleistocene to Holocene periods. 
  • Gua Teluk Kelawar: Lenggong Valley - this cave was used 11,000 to 6,000 years ago from the discovery of stone tools, food deposits (such as river snails, Brotia Costula and Brotia Spinosa) and animal bones. Human remains and burial sites dating 8,000 years indicated that the Paleolithic age in Malaysia in the region continued until the early Holocene era before the Neolithic arriva. The Perak Woman skeleton was found in this cave in 2004.  
  • Guar Kepah: Historically famous as the very first archaeological site ever excavated in Peninsular Malaysia, initially dug up by British archaelogists starting in 1863. 
    • George Windsor Earl : In 1850, he conducted the very first archaeological excavation at Guar Kepah, Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang in 1850. He discovered 3 Neolithic shell middens and unburied 27 ancient human skeletons.
    • Between 1851 and 1934, British researches excavated 41 other skeletons from the exact shell mounds. 
    • Between 1934-1936: excavations led by Pieter Vincent van Stein Callenfels, uncovered the nomadic Semang tribe, these discoveries evidenced a 5,000 to 6,000 year old settled marine community. 
  • Hoabinhian: a major prehistoric Mesolithic stone-tool industry and hunter-gatherer culture that thrived across Mainland Southeast Asia from approximaely 30,000 to 3,000 BCE. 
  • Homo Erectus: believed to have migrated across the land bridges from Southeast Asia as far as Java 1.8 million years ago.
  • Jenderam Hilir: located at Sungai Langat, Dengkil, Selangor - the 1977 discovery confirmed it as one of the oldest open-air-Neolithic Settlements in Peninsular Malaysia. The 4,500 year old artefacts included pottery sherds, stone adzes and a wooden boat plank. 
  • Kampung Bekuku, Ulu Tomani, Tenom, Sabah: the Lumuyu Petroglyph, Malaysia's largest ancient rock carving, the 1,000 years old sandstone boulder features human faces and footprints, was gazetted as a Sabah State Heritage site in 1999. 
  • Kampung Bukit Kuda, Kelang, Selangor: a Bronze drum was found in 1944 during construction work during the Japanese period (Leong Sau Heng, 1988). 
  • Kampung Sungai Lang, Banting, Selangor: the ancient boat remnants and accompanying artifacts were discovered and excavated in 1964 by the Department of Museums and Antiquities in collaboration with the University of Malaya. Estimated by radiocarbon dating to span from 580 BC to AD 190. The Dong Son bronze drums discovered buried with the boat. 
  • Kota Gelanggi : also known as Klang Kio or Ganggayu, a legendary ancient lost city mentioned in the Sulalatus Salatin (Malay Annals). In 2005, independent researchers, Raimy Che Ross reported discovering the potential site of this ancient black stone fortress hidden within the dense forest reserves of Ulu Tiram, Johor. 
  • Kota Tampan: Grik, Lenggong Valley, Perak:
    • In 1938, Archaeologist H.D.Collings conducted the first excavation at the Kota Tampan Paleolithic site. He discovered ancient Palaeolithic stone tools. 
    • In 1958 - British archaeologist, Ann Sieveking published her seminal report, "The Palaeolithic Industry of Kota Tampan, Perak, Malaya" analysing her 1954 excavation at the site. Her work documented 234 stone tools and established a relative Middle Pleitocene date for the site based on geological stratigraphy. 
    • Excavation in 1987 led by Malaysian archaeologist, Prof. Siti Zuraina Abdul Majid, uncovered more than 50,000 pebble and stone tools buried beneath the ash of the Youngest Toba Eruption in Sumatra about 74,000 years ago that blanketed the Kota Tampan site under a thick layer of volcanis ash. At Kampung Bukit Sapi, visitors can visited an exposed, vertical wall of pure white and light grey Toba volcanic ash that measures between 6 to 10 meters thick. 
  • Kuala Selinsing Archaeological sitea significant protohistoric coastal settlement and ancient port located at Pulau Kalumpang within the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve near Taiping, Perak. 
    • Inhabited from roughly 200 BC to 1000 AD, it served as a major regional trading hub and feeder point long before the rise of the Melaka Sultanate. 
    • 1932 - I.H.N Evans discovered the Kuala Selinsing Boat. Also discovered was a gold ring in Tanjung Rawa, Kuala Selinsing engraved with the name Cri Visnuvarmasya, possibly the King of Srivijaya as recorded in the Ligor B Inscription. 
    • In 1935 , Dr. Ch. Chhabra wrote the hypothesis that the Selinsing gold had a writing pattern from the 8th century AD and the name Visnuwarmasya on the ring was the same as the name Visnuwarman in the Ligor B inscription.
    • In 1940 - H.G. Quaritch Wales,British archaeologist - he published his opinion that Kuala Selinsing in Perak was a settlement belonging to Hinduised Indonesian immigrants. Writing in the "Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society". 
    • In April 1955, G.de Sieveking,  conducted a second excavations at Kuala Selinsing, Perak. He recovered a remarkable total of 3000 glasses and polished stone beads from an 18-inch layer. 
  • Lenggong Valley, Perak
    • a UNESCO World Heritage Site featuring a 1.83 millior-year-old meteorite impact site linked to early tool development. 
  • Mansuli Valley: located in the east coast of Sabah, East Malaysia, hosts the oldest chronometrically dated open-air site in Borneo, providing evidence of stone tool manipulation starting 235,000 years ago. 
  • Maritime Archaeology : Shipwrecks in Malaysia :
    • Atago Maru : Imperial Japanese Navy ship, sunk off Miri, Sarawak on 28 November 1944. 
    • Awazisan Maru: Imperial Japanese Navy - A World War II Japanese troopship that was bombed and sunk off the coast of Kota Bharu.
    • Bidong Wreck: a 16th century vessel discovered near Pulau Bidong carrying Thai ceramics, offering vital insights into Southeast Asia's monsoonal trading history. 
    • Desaru : A Chinese merchank "junk" vessel that sank around 1845 after striking a coral reef off the coast of Johor Malaysia.Discovered in May 2001 at depth of 20 metres, the wreck yielded a massive cargo of over 50,000 Chinese ceramic soup spoons, blue-and-white porcelain and Yixing teapots. 
    • Diana: the 176-year disappearance of a British merchant ship that vanished in the Straits of Malacca in 5 March 1817. The wreck was found with a cargo load weighing 11 tons in 1993. 
    • Dom Duarte de Guerta: Portuguese warship - Sank 18 August 1606 (Battle of Cape Rachado). Discovered in 1993 at Port Dickson (13 km from Nassau) by Transea Sdn Bhd whence undertaking survey of Caroline (1816). 
    • Haguro: Imperial Japanese Navy - A Myoko-class Cruiser that was sunk in the Straits of Malacca by British Destroyer on 18 May 1945. 
    • Hatsutaka: Imperial Japanese Navy - A Hatsutaka-class minelayer that was torpedoed by USS Hawkbill off Pulau Tenggol on 16 May 1945. 
    • HMS Prince of Wales & HMS Repulse: famous British Royal Navy capital ships were sunk by the Japanese air attacks in 10 December 1941 off the coast of Kuantan, Pahang. They remain protected war graves, though they face modern threats from illegal salvage operators. 
    • HMS Stratagem: British Royal Navy ship - an S-class submarine that was sunk by a Japanese Submarine chaser near Batu Pahat, Johor on 22 November 1944. 
    • HNLMS O 16 and HNLMS K XVII: Dutch submarines sunk by naval mines in December 1941 off the coast of Tioman in Pahang. 
    • Jade Dragon: a 1300 AD Southeast Asian trading vessel discovered by fisherman in 2010 off the northern tip of Borneo in Sabah. 
    • KM Sipadan : a former Royal Malaysian Navy Ship intentionally scuttled in 2012 to create a thriving artificial reef systems, sitting at a depth of roughly 30 metres. 
    • Kuma: Imperial Japanese Navy - a Kuma-class light cruiser that was torpedoed by HMS Tally-Ho off Penang on 11 January 1944. 
    • Kuroshio Maru: a Japanese tanker that was sunk as a target off Pulau Aur on March 1960. 
    • La Paix : The French Merchant vessel,sank on 28 November 1895 at Beting Bambek near Cape Rachado (Tanjung Tuan). The Malaysian government authorized commercial exploration contracts to locate the vessel in the 1990s, though initial localized attempts to fully uncover the hull faced significant challenges.
    • Longquan: a massive 14th century merchant vessel that sank around 1380 AD off the coast of Terengganu, Malaysia. Discovered in June 1996 at a deep and hazardous depth of 63 metres, it is recognised as one of the largest wooden shipwreck ever found in the South China Sea. 
    • Middleburg: Dutch warship, Sank 18 August 1606 (Battle of Cape Rachado) - discovered 1993 at Port Dickson NS (13 km from Nassau) by Transea Sdn Bhd whence undertaking survey  for Caroline (1816).
    • Nanyang : A late 14th-century merchant vessel that sank around 1380 in the South China Sea. Discovered in October 1995 at a depth of 54 metres, the wreck is located approximately 10 nautical miles off Malaysia's Pulau Pemanggil (near Tioman Island). 
    • Nassau: a Dutch East India Company warship sunk in the 1606 Battle of Cape Rachado, discovered in 1993. The joint survey involving Transea Sdn Bhd, Oxford University and Malaysia's National Museum took place in 1995, recovering over 500 artifacts. 
    • Pulau Melaka Wreck: discovered recently in 2025, off Melaka Island, the 13th to 16th century century wooden ship made of native saga wood dates back to the Melaka Sultanate transition period and contained rare coins and Chinese ceramics. First detected in late 2020 by independent researchers led by Dr. Dionysius Sharma.
    • Ranee: SS Ranee, a 317-ton steel steamship owned by the Straits Steamship Company that sank on March 14, 1923, along the Sedili Coast of Johor, after colliding with another vessel named the Boribat. Discovered in 2005, sitting at a depth of 20 metres, approximately 5 nautical miles off Tanjung Sedili Kecil.  
    • Risdam : the wreck of Risdam Merchant Ship was found in 1984 in the waters of Mersing, Johor. The ship belonged to the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and sank in 1727 AD.
    • Royal Nanhai : a mid 15th-century Siamese merchant vesselthat sank around 1460 in the South China Sea. Discovered in 1992 at a depth of 46 metres, the ship was found roughly 40 nautical miles off the coast of Kuantan, Pahang and fully excavated by maritime archaeologist  Sten Sjostrand
    • Sao Salvador: Sank 18 August 1606 (Battle of Cape Rachado) - discovered in 1993, Port Dickson, NS (13 km from Nassau) by Transea Sdn Bhd whence undertaking survey  for Caroline (1816).
    • Singtai  : a mid 16th century trading vessel that sank around 1550 in the South China Sea. Discovered in April 2001 at a depth of 53 metres, the wreck is located roughly 12 nautical miles off the coast of Pulau Redang, Terengganu. 
    • SS Amherst: a 108-tonne British steam vessel built in Glasgow in 1886 and registered in Singapore. On November 17, 1901, the ship sank on a sandbank in Sungai Pahang during a storm. Discovered in May 2016, the 30-meter remains of the wreckage were dramatically uncovered by local villagers at Kampung Tanjung, Paloh Hinai. 
    • Tanjung Simpang :a 10th-12th century Chinese merchant vessel that sank off the Tip of Borneo (Tanjung Simpang Mengayau) in Kudat, Sabah. Dating to the Northern Song Dynasty, it is recognised as the oldest shipwreck ever discovered in Malaysian waters. It was found by local fishermanin April 2003 at a depth of 40 metres, just 400 metres from the shoreline. 
    • Tanjung Tuan: Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan - The ships Nassau, Dom Duarte de Guerta, Middleburg and Sao Salvador were found in Tanjung Tuan, Port Dickson in 1993 by Transea Sdn Bhd. The Dutch warship sank on 18 August 1606 in a battle with a Portuguese ship in the "Battle of Cape Rachado".
    • Turiang: a 14th century Chinese merchant vessel that sank around 1370 in the southern zone of the South China Sea. Discovered on May 13, 1998 at a depth of 42 metres and roughly 100 nautical miles off the coast of Peninsular Malaysia, it is historically celebrated as one of the earliest regional shipwrecks loaded with Thai export ceramics. 
    • Vivian & Sons: January 2021: The Kuala Lipis shipwreck surfaced after a flood. The company name was found written "Vivian & Sons" and the year 1824.
    • Wanli (1625): located off Dungun,Terengganu, this historic vessel was discovered with thousands of Ming Dynasty ceramic wares. 
    • Xuande : a mid 16th century trading vessel that sank around 1540 in the South China Sea. Discovered in 1996 by maritime archaeologist Sten Sjostrand, the wreck sits at a depth of 53 metres,  approximately 30 to 39 nautical miles north of Pulau Tioman, Malaysia. 
  • Mek Keldung : or Mek Keledung - a skeleton of 14,000-year-old prehistoric human discovered in Kelantan, Malaysia in November 2022 by a team from UKM, inside the Gua Keledung Kecil cave. 
  • Metal Age: 2,500 years ago - The Malay Peninsula became a crossroads in the Maritime trade of the ancient ageSeafarers who came to Malaysia's shores included Malayo-Polynesian people, Indians and possibly Chinese traders among others. Ptolemy named the Malay Peninsula the Golden Chersonese.
  • Mongoloid : an obsolete racial grouping of various indigenous to large parts of Asia, the Americas and some regions in Europe and Ocenia.
  • Negritos : most probably the first inhabitants of the Malay Peninsula. These Mesolothic hunters were probably the ancestors of the Semang. 
  • Neolithic: New Stone Age (10,000 - 5,000 years ago) - archaeological find from the Lenggong Valley in Perak show that people were making stone tools and using jewellery. 
  • Niah National Park
    • A curcial prehistoric cave system in Miri, Sarawak at East Malaysia containing human remains dating back approximately 40,000 years, alongside an extensicve Neolithic burial network. 
    • in 1958 - Tom Harrison with his wife Barbara Harrison led the 1958 excavation at Niah Cave.They provide the first evidence of long-term human habitation in the region spanning tens of thousands of years. 
    • Wikipedia : Niah National Park
  • Palaeolithic : Old Stone Age, a prehistoric period lasting from about 3.3 million years ago to 11,700 years ago. 
  • Penang Woman: a highly significant, 5,700 year old prehistoric human skeleton discovered accidentally in April 2017 in Guar Kepah, Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang. Her ramins represent the first and only Neolithic (New Stone Age) skeleton found inside a shell midden. 
  • Perak Man
    • an 11,000 year old skeleton that represents Southeast Asia's oldest and most complete prehistoric human remains. Discovered in Gua Gunung Runtuh, Lenggong Valley in Perak in 1991.
    • The only prehistoric skeleton in the world born with a congenital deformity known as Brachymesophalangia type A2. 
  • Perak Woman: Found 13 years after the Perak man in a nearby cave complex, Gua Teluk Kelawar in 2004. living roughly 8,000 years ago. 
  • Pioneering Figure: Proffesor Emeritus Datuk Dr. Siti Zuraina Abdul Majid is widely recognised as the founder of modern Malaysian archaeology. She discovered the Perak Man and instutionalised the discipline across the nation. 
  • Pleistocene: a geological epoch that lasted from about 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago, famously characterised by repeated global glaciations. Frequently referred to as the Ice Age. 
  • Pontian Boat
    • an early historic lashed-lug wooden boat discovered on the banks of Pontian River in Pahang, Malaysia in 1926 by I.H.N Evans.It was regarded as one of the earliest known archaelogical examples of a lashed-lug boat in Southeast Asia, with radiocarbon dates placing it between the 3rd and 5th centuries CE.  
    • C.A. Gibson Hill: discussed in detail the discovery of the Pontian Boat in his writings in 1956. C.A. Gibson Hill - MBRAS
  • Proto Malays: Austronesian-speaking seafaring migrants who moved from mainland Asia into the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago between 2500 and 1500 BCE. 
  • Pulau Kalumpang
    • B.W.F Barnard: Deputy Conservator of Forests for Perak North. In May 1924, he discovered proto-historic human skulls, carnelian beads and blue glass at Pulau Kelumpang, Kuala Selinsing in Matang Perak. 
    • In 1955, archaeologist G. de G. Sieveking discovered 3 ancient boats at Pulau Kalumpang, Perak. Believed to date between 200 BC and 1000 AD, these vessels are thought to have been used in animistic burial rituals by an early maritime community. 
    • In 1987, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi conducted a new excavation in Pulau Kalumpang and succcessfully unearthed 11 burial, house post, wooden rice mortar, earthenware, stone artefacts, food remains, glass and stone beads, ear rings and organic materials. Base on the C14 dates, the site is believed to be inhabited between 200 BC and 1000 AD. 
  • Rompin Boat : In 1902, American naturalist, William Louis Abbot documented a traditional wooden bark boat in Ulu Rompin, Pahang. 
  • Tambun Rock Art: a series of Neolithic-era cave paintings at Gunung Panjang limestone hill in Tambun, Ipoh, Perak. It was discovered on a rocky overhang in 1959 by 2nd Lt. R.L. Rawlings of the 2nd Battalion, 6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles. 
  • Sagor Boat: discovered by researchers from the University of Malaya in Baling, Kedah in 1996. It is believed to have been used around the 19th century AD.
  • Sungai Batu Archaeoligical Site: in 2007 - The Sungai Batu Archaeological Site, Kedah was discovered by a research team from the USM Global Archaeological Research Centre (PPAG) led by Prof. Dato' Dr. Mohd Mokhtar Saidin.
  • Sungai Bewah:  Located at Hulu Terengganu. Prehistoric artifacts including Neolithic pottery, bowls and stone axes were discovered near the Bewah River and Taat Cave. Early excavations in the Lake Kenyir by H.D. Noone in 1959, the finding confirmed that the region served as a vital settlement stie dating back over 10,000 years. 
  • Twankoo Boat (Tuan-ku) - discovered by  Carl Alexander Gibson-Hill and  G.de G. Sieveking, a Chinese style Twankoo vessel. Assumed its creation to be in the late 16th century. 
Reference:
  1. Zulheimy Maamor : Nota Ilmu: Arkeologi di Malaysia > Penemuan artifak, Prasasti, Candi-candi dsb.
  2. Ian Glover : Southeast Asia from Prehistory to History
  3. Abu Talib Ahmad : Museums, History and Culture in Malaysia
  4. Arkeologi Maritim: Kapal Karam di Semenanjung Malaysia > Zainuddin Baco, Baszley Bee Basrah bee & Stephen Chia. 
  5. Khazanah Kapal Karam : Nor 'Asykin Mat Hayin, Harian Metro
  6. Penyelidikan Arkeologi Bawah Air di Semenanjung Malaysia (1902-2015) - Zainuddin Baco & Stephen Chia.
  7. Islam dalam Sejarah Asia Tenggara Tradisional - Abdul Rahman Haji Abdullah:Penerbitan Pena Sdn Bhd, 1989.
  8. Zamir Mohyedin : Penemuan Rangka Berusia 14,000 tahun di Kelantan
Hj Zulheimy Maamor
26 July 2026: 11.32 am