RESOURCE: SEA HERITAGE AND HISTORY
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, parts of Mainland Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan (by Taiwanese indigenous peoples). They are spoken by about 386 million people (4.9% of the world population). This makes it the fifth-largest language family by number of speakers.
Indonesian is spoken by around 200 million people. This makes it the eleventh most-spoken language in the world. Indonesian is the national language that has succeeded in uniting 1700 different ethnicities who speak 715 different languages in the modern-day Indonesia. Indonesian has gone through a very long evolutionary process from the ancient form of Malay in the seventh century until it was officially ratified & born at the second Youth Pledge Congress in 1928 as the unified language of Indonesia, even 17 years before the modern Indonesian state achieved its sovereignty as an independent country.
Modern people today may think that the Malay language comes from the modern country of Malaysia, but based on historical facts & evidence it is not like that. The Kedukan Bukit inscription, which is the oldest specimen of Malay in the world, was found in Palembang, the ancient capital of Sriwijaya which is located in what is now modern Indonesia. It turns out that the island of Java & the island of Luzon in the Philippines also have ancient Malay inscriptions, namely the Sojomerto & Laguna Cooperplate Inscriptions with mixed of Tagalog & Old Javanese words. Meanwhile, no ancient Malay language inscriptions were found on the peninsula, which is currently the political territory of the modern state of Malaysia.
Ancient form of old Malay then evolved into classical Malay as the influence of Islam began to spread to the archipelago. The Tanjung Tanah manuscript, which is the oldest Malay language manuscript in the world, discovered in Jambi (Indonesia), is evidence of the transition from ancient Malay to classical Malay at the end of the ancient Malay period which was heavily influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism. Meanwhile, the modern state of Malaysia was only born in 1963 as a Federation initiated by the British by combining Sabah & Sarawak with the states in peninsula. Malaysia officially used Bahasa Melayu in 1986 in the Malaysian Federation constitution article 152. This law replaced the previous term, namely Bahasa Malaysia into bahasa Melayu. Malaysia, a new country that was born in 1963, only used Malay as their official national language in 1982, 52 years of late than Indonesia, which had proclaimed its national language as Indonesian in the 1928 Youth Pledge.
ASEAN - SEA Heritage & History
Robert Blust (2016). History of the Austronesian Languages. University of Hawaii at Manoa.
George Coedes, "Les inscriptions malaises de Γrivijaya", BEFEO tome 30(1): 29-80, 1930.
Kozok, U., (2004), The Tanjung Tanah code of law: The oldest extant Malay manuscript, Cambridge: St Catharine's College and the University Press.
Postma, Antoon (April–June 1992). "The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary". Philippine Studies. Ateneo de Manila University. 40 (2): 182–203. JSTOR 42633308
Thurgood, Graham (1999), From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change, University of Hawaii press, ISBN 978-082-4831-89-9
#BahasaIndonesia #MelayuOriginalSumatera #bahasamalaysia #austronesia #melayu #tagalog #cham #southeastasia #asean
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11 July 2024 > 5 Muharram 1446H: 1.26 p.m
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